Technical Notes：

1. Chiral ligands for copper- catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation with dialkylzincs .

2. Chiral ligands for copper-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of diethylzinc to enones.

3.Chiral ligands for palladium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation of styrenes

4.Chiral ligands for copper-catalyzed asymmetric ring-opening of oxa bicyclic alkenes with Grignard reagents .

5.Chiral ligands for nickel-catalyzed asymmetric hydrovinylation of a-alkyl vinylarenes.

6. Chiral ligands for iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of cyclic enamines.

7.Chiral lig ands for iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of cyclic imines.

8.Chiral ligands for gold-catalyzed asymmetric 2 + 2 cycloaddition re action.

9. Chiral ligands for rhodium- catalyzed asymmetric hydroacylation of salicylaldehydes to homoallylic sulfides.

10. Chiral ligands for palladium- catalyzed a symmetric carboamination rea ctions .